How Much Exercise Your Dog Needs Based on Breed Type, Age & Size

• Not a substitute for professional veterinary help.

As a dog parent, you know your pup needs daily movement to stay healthy and happy. Getting good exercise means a lower risk of obesity, joint issues, and behavior problems. But how much exercise a dog needs—and what type—can vary widely.

Most vets suggest dogs require between 30 minutes to two hours of exercise per day. That includes anything from walks to fetch, tug, training sessions, swimming, sniffaris, stretching, and even backyard zoomies.

But where does your dog land within that range, and how do you know? With help from Danielle Rakestraw, training and behavior specialist at Best Friends Animal Society, we’ll break down how to calculate the right type and amount of exercise for your pup based on breed, age, size, personality, fitness level, and overall health.

Dog Exercise Requirements by Breed, Size & Age

There’s no magic number or calculator to determine exactly how much you should exercise your dog. But these estimates can give you a ballpark figure that you can then modify based on your pup’s unique personality and preferences.

Breed

Breed plays a big part in a dog’s exercise needs. For example, research shows that gundog and hound breeds thrive on lots of activity, and high-energy dogs like Border Collies, Australian Shepherds, and Vizslas often enjoy 30–60 minute power workouts with plenty of mental stimulation.

In contrast, flat-faced breeds like Bulldogs, Pugs, and Shih Tzus benefit more from shorter walks and low-key exercise.

“Smoosh-faced dogs tend to have heat intolerance,” explains Dr. Mathieu Glassman, a board-certified veterinary surgeon and founder of Dr. Cuddles. “They’re going to burn a lot more energy walking for five minutes at noon in the middle of the summer than a Collie would.”

Size

A dog’s size also makes a difference, though not always in the way you might think. Bigger dogs don’t necessarily need more exercise, and they often require gentler movement for their large frames.

Giant breeds like Great Danes, Newfoundlands, and Saint Bernards, are prone to hip and joint issues. Low-impact activities, such as short walks, swimming, or treadmill sessions, can keep them active without adding strain.

Age

Age also affects the amount of exercise a dog needs per day. Very young puppies typically need a lot of stimulation but not necessarily a lot of exercise—frequent short bursts of activity are best. In fact, puppies should avoid high-impact movement, as it can damage their developing bodies, Rakestraw cautions.

Senior dogs have similar requirements—short sessions and low-impact movement—to protect them as they age. Senior dogs may also struggle with declining senses, such as poor eyesight and hearing, which add a layer of risk to high-speed exercises.

Young adult and healthy adult dogs are the most likely to thrive on sustained activity, though it’s still important to monitor them for signs of overtiredness or strain.

Przemysław Iciak via iStock

Personality

Just like people, dogs have unique personalities that influence how much they want to move. A playful, curious, or high-drive dog may constantly seek stimulation, while a mellow pup might prefer lounging with occasional strolls.

“It’s important to take a look at the dog in front of you. Even dogs of the same breed can have vastly different needs and wants,” adds Rakestraw. “Getting to know your dog and what makes them tick is the key to a fulfilling relationship for you both!”

Fitness

Your dog’s current fitness levels also play a significant role. A dog that’s been sedentary or recovering from illness should gradually ease into activity. Conversely, a healthy Labrador Retriever or Weimaraner used to regular movement may need more frequent and varied exercises to meet their needs.

Health

Dogs with arthritis, heart disease, or respiratory issues may require a tailored exercise routine that prevents them from overdoing it. For example, a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel with a heart murmur may do best with slow walks, while a German Shepherd with hip dysplasia might benefit from swimming or controlled movement on soft terrain. Always consult your veterinarian when health concerns arise.

Types of Exercise for Dogs

According to Rakestraw, the most efficient types of exercise are those that satiate your dog both mentally and physically. The key is choosing activities that match your dog’s energy level, breed tendencies, age, and personal preferences.

“You don’t have to spend thousands of dollars entering dog sports trials, investing in the fanciest training tools and equipment, or dedicating hours and hours of your day to exercising your dog,” she says. “Dogs benefit from being with you, from trying and failing at things with you.”

Outdoor activities

Outdoor exercise is often ideal for dogs that love adventure, open spaces, and full-body movement, especially working and sporting breeds like Golden Retrievers, Dalmatians, and German Shorthaired Pointers.

• Hiking is perfect for athletic and curious pups, like Cattle Dogs, Labs, and Poodles, who love to sniff and explore. Be sure the trail is dog-friendly, and bring water and a leash.
• Swimming is a low-impact, joint-friendly workout that’s great for large breeds like Golden Retrievers, Irish Water Spaniels, and Newfoundlands, or dogs with arthritis or hip issues.
• Dog sports, especially ones that are fast-paced, like flyball, dock diving, or herding, are ideal for high-drive dogs, such as Australian Shepherds and Belgian Malinois.
• Agility training is a fantastic exercise for intelligent and athletic breeds, such as Jack Russell Terriers and Papillons. Enroll your dog in a class or set up your own obstacle course in your backyard (great for reactive gremlins).
• Fetch and Frisbee are both classic choices for active Retrievers, herding breeds, and other dogs who love to run and chase.
• Walking is great for both you and your pup. Studies show that people who walk their dogs are 34% more likely to meet recommended physical activity levels.

K_Thalhofer via iStock

Indoor activities

Indoor exercise is ideal for dogs in apartments, extreme climates, or reactive pups that need low-key or solo play. Small breeds like the Maltese, Shih Tzu, and Chihuahua also often particularly enjoy these options.

• Interactive toys. Some puzzle feeders and treat-dispensing toys engage both your dog’s brain and body.
• Hide-and-seek. Hide treats or toys around your home for your dog to find. Scent work is mentally and physically satisfying, especially for breeds with a sharp sense of smell, like Beagles and Bloodhounds.
• Treadmill training. Ideal for bad weather, a slow walk or light jog on a treadmill can keep your dog active when outdoor options aren’t possible.

Training/working activities

High-drive and working breeds that crave a purpose will especially love training sessions, learning new things, and partaking in various tasks. (Think German Shepherds, Dobermans, and Border Collies.) However, all dogs can benefit from training.

“Dogs expend a lot of mental energy/physical energy when they’re being trained because they’re actively thinking, trying to remember the command, and pleasing their owner,” explains Dr. Glassman. “A good training session is sometimes more tiring than running at the park.”

Training activities may include:

• Foundational skills like sit, stay, and reliably coming when called.
• Trick training can range from simple cues, such as “shake,” to more advanced moves, like “take a bow.”
• Canine Good Citizen training is especially fun to train if you have a biddable breed (like a Sheltie or Standard Poodle) who can stay calm and focused amid distractions.
• Therapy dog prep is a meaningful activity to do together if your dog has the right temperament. Working breeds like Labbies and Goldens are often well-suited for the role.

Tips for Exercising Your Dog

Getting your pup the right amount of exercise for their needs isn’t always easy. Here are three key steps to keeping activity fun and safe:

• Break it up. Not all exercise needs to happen at once. Shorter bursts throughout the day are often more manageable and better suited to your dog’s energy level. Include how often you walk your pup to pee, as well as any play sessions and mental enrichment throughout the day or week.
• Watch the weather. Hot pavement and cold temperatures can be tough on your dog’s paws and their ability to breathe. Shift exercise indoors or to early mornings and evenings when the weather is more comfortable.
• Avoid overexertion. Know your dog’s limits. Puppies, seniors, and certain breeds are more prone to fatigue or heat stress. Watch for heavy panting, lagging behind, or limping. Be prepared to stop if needed.

Tips for high-energy dogs

“One common mistake I see with these dogs is an over-emphasis on physical exercise and an under-emphasis on mental exercise,” Rakestraw says. “This can inadvertently lead to a dog that’s under-satiated with exaggerated stamina: a recipe for a dog with no ‘off’ switch.”

Along with incorporating plenty of brain games, she recommends establishing clear rules around play, like teaching a solid “drop it” or “leave it” for fetch and tug.

Tips for reactive dogs

If your dog struggles to be around people or other animals, try exercising indoors or going to quiet areas like an empty field, parking lot, or Sniffspot. Rakestraw also recommends building your dog’s confidence through activities like nosework, puzzle toys, and basic foundational training.

Tips for dogs with health conditions

If you have an older dog with arthritis, you’ll want to keep them moving throughout the day in short sessions to prevent their joints from seizing up. Opt for gentle movement, such as neighborhood walks, canine conditioning, and hydrotherapy.

For joint or heart conditions, low-impact activities, such as short walks and slow-paced play, can keep your dog active without extra stress. Don’t force more activity than these pups seem to need.

Tips for owners with a busy schedule

If you’re a busy pet parent, supplementing physical activity with mental enrichment can help fulfill your dog’s needs while requiring minimal effort on your end, especially if you prep ahead.

“I love to take a free Sunday afternoon to load up KONGs, lick mats, cardboard enrichment, and puzzle toys to store in the freezer for a later date,” says Rakestraw.

Here are other ways you can help lighten your load:

• Get help. A dog walker, sitter, or even a trusted neighbor can be a lifesaver when you can’t be there.
• Use a tracker.“Some people rely on Fitbits and other connected devices to make sure their dog is getting the same amount of exercise every day,” notes Dr. Glassman.
• Stick to a routine. Build short exercise sessions into your morning or evening routine so your dog knows when to expect their activity, even if it’s just a 15-minute walk.

Extra tips

Exercise isn’t a one-size-fits-all approach. Here are various ways to find activities your dog will love:

• Engage in breed-specific activities. For example, Beagles often enjoy tracking games and nosework, while Terriers and Dachshunds typically love activities where they can dig, chase, and channel their prey drive.
• Be consistent. Dogs thrive on routine. They’ll probably light up when they know it’s go-time!
• Mix it up. Try new activities, such as agility or playing with a flirt pole, to prevent boredom and keep your dog engaged.

When To Ask Your Vet for Help

You’re doing everything right. You’re taking your dog on daily romps, playing with them, and providing plenty of mental stimulation. But if something still feels off, it’s probably best not to ignore it.

Talk to your vet if you notice any of the following:

• Exercise intolerance:.If your dog tires unusually quickly, struggles to keep up, limps after exercise, or avoids it altogether, they might have pain, injury, or an underlying health condition.
• Sudden behavior changes. A once-active dog who now refuses to go on a walk or exercise, isolates themselves, or seems moody may be experiencing discomfort or anxiety that exercise alone can’t resolve.
• Lingering stiffness. Occasional soreness might sometimes be normal, but consistent stiffness, especially after exercise, could signal arthritis or joint problems.
• Ongoing weight issues. If your dog is gaining or losing weight drastically despite regular exercise, a medical condition or nutritional imbalance may be at play.
• Skin or paw problems. Cracked paws, hot spots, or excessive licking could indicate allergies or discomfort that’s making exercise more difficult.
• Over-arousal or inability to relax. If your dog is still bouncing off the walls or unable to settle even after a full day of activity, they may need a more customized plan involving a vet behaviorist.