The Pembroke Welsh Corgi is a small yet impressive dog breed that has captured hearts around the world, including that of Queen Elizabeth II, who owned over 30 Pembrokes during her lifetime.
While they share many similarities with the Cardigan Corgi, a key distinction lies in their tail—or lack thereof. While the Cardi has a bushy tail, the Pembroke typically has a naturally bobbed or docked tail. Both breeds have short legs and expressive, fox-like faces. These plucky pups also tend to be more outgoing than their Cardigan friends, and they are endlessly devoted to their human pack.
Corgis were originally bred to herd cattle, and this instinct remains strong in today’s Pembroke. These dogs have retained their ability to problem-solve and think independently—skills that can be as endearing as they are frustrating. “They are extremely smart, mischievous, funny, and the life of the party,” says Pembroke breeder Joan Adams of Llys Draig Kennel.
Could this confident breed be a good match for you? We take a closer look at some key considerations, including grooming and exercise needs, the breed’s typical temperament, training challenges, and favorite activities.
Key Characteristics
With their distinctive short legs, these dogs only reach a height of 10 to 12 inches at the shoulder.
Historically, Pembroke Welsh Corgis were bred to herd cattle. This trait is very much present in today’s exuberant breed.
Pembrokes are slightly smaller than their Cardigan Welsh Corgi friends and can weigh up to 30 pounds. Females will be a little lighter than males.
The Pembroke appears in fewer colors than the Cardigan Corgi. You can find them in a mix of colors—with or without white markings.
Corgis shed a moderate amount year-round. Prepare for heavy shedding in the spring and fall when they “blow coat.”
Pembroke Welsh Corgis are spirited dogs with fairly high energy levels. Daily physical activity is essential, but you don’t have to go overboard—45 minutes per day is usually sufficient.
The Pembroke can be a barky dog, due to their role as protector of the farmstead.
Pems are affectionate and lively dogs who love being around their families. They tend to be a little more outgoing than the Cardigan Corgi.
The Pembroke Welsh Corgi dog breed has an average lifespan of 12 to 15 years.
Because of their unique spinal structure, the Pembroke Welsh Corgi is at risk of back and joint problems like IVDD and hip dysplasia. They also experience higher cases of some inherited conditions, such as Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Von Willebrand’s Disease.
They might not look the part, but Pembrokes are nimble athletes with lots of stamina.
The Pembroke Welsh Corgi is a social dog who loves being near their family. They get along well with children and other pets, but can be cautious when meeting new people.
Physical Characteristics
Pembroke Welsh Corgis are small to medium-sized dogs, typically reaching a height of 10 to 12 inches at the shoulder. They are slightly smaller than the stockier Cardigan Corgi, weighing between 22 to 30 pounds on average.
Purposely bred to be achondroplastic, these dogs are low to the ground and have long bodies and short legs. Like other Corgi breeds, they have big, upright ears and a fox-like appearance, but one thing you’re bound to notice is their tailless behind. Unlike the Cardigan Corgi with its long, bushy tail, the Pembroke has a stubby bobtail. Some Pembrokes are born like this, notes Adams, but most have their tails docked as young puppies.
Pembroke Corgis have a thick double coat that comes in a few colors: red, sable, fawn, and black and tan. It’s often accented with white markings on the face, chest, and legs.
Breed History
The breed’s exact origin is debated among experts, but a popular theory is that they were brought to Wales by Flemish weavers around 1107 A.D. They are believed to have descended from Nordic Spitz-type dogs, sharing ancestry with breeds like the Swedish Vallhund and Norwegian Elkhound.
The U.K. officially recognized Pembrokes as a purebred dog in the 1920s. In 1934, they were officially recognized as a separate breed from the Cardigan Corgi by both the English Kennel Club and the American Kennel Club (AKC).
These small but sturdy pups served as versatile farm dogs, herding cattle, guarding the home, and catching vermin. With their low stature, Pembrokes could easily nip at cows’ heels while keeping out of harm’s way. They also have a surprisingly deep bark, which was helpful in alerting the farm of danger.
“A herding dog has to be an independent thinker and a problem solver, and today’s [Pembrokes] are no exception,” says Adams. They continue to showcase endurance, intelligence, and agility in various dog sports and activities.
The Pembroke Welsh Corgi’s popularity is thanks in part to Queen Elizabeth II. In 1944, she was gifted a Corgi named Susan for her 18th birthday, sparking a lifelong love for the breed. Over the years, Elizabeth welcomed more than 30 Corgis into her life, often seen with them during official engagements and in public.
Temperament & Personality
Pembroke Welsh Corgis are spunky and bold. They’re not easily intimidated, even by dogs that are much bigger than they are. This courage stems from their herding background, which required them to think quickly and act self-sufficiently while managing large animals.
Not surprisingly, they’re fast learners and generally respond well to training. However, their independent, problem-solving streak, stemming from generations of herding, may require some creativity in your training plan.
The playful Pembroke is a bit more extroverted than the Cardigan Corgi. They’re affectionate dogs who thrive on human interaction. They love being involved in daily activities and want to be close to their family. When they meet new people, Pembrokes may be cautious at first, but they usually warm up over time.
One overlooked trait is their sensitivity; without proper socialization, a Pembroke may develop anxiety, becoming timid when faced with new situations. While these traits aren’t universally true and each pup has their own unique personality, breed tendencies help paint a picture of what to expect.
Health & Lifespan
The Pembroke Welsh Corgi typically lives 12 to 15 years, with many healthy pups living well into their teens, according to the Pembroke Welsh Corgi Club of America (PWCCA).
Adams emphasizes the importance of finding a breeder who can provide tests to inquiring adopters. “If a breeder says they do not [test] or do not need to test, then a potential buyer needs to move on and locate a breeder who does,” she explains. The PWCCA recommends two key evaluations: a hip dysplasia assessment and an eye examination by a veterinarian who is board-certified by the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists (ACVO).
A Corgi’s long spine and short legs can lead to back issues, such as IVDD. This condition affects the discs that provide cushioning between the vertebrae. Corgis with IVDD may show signs of back pain, difficulty walking, or even paralysis. To protect your Corgi’s spinal health, limit jumping and climbing.
Most Pembrokes love to eat, but don’t let them go overboard. Obesity is a serious problem and puts stress on a Corgi’s back and joints. Always provide proper portions, avoid excess treats and table scraps, and keep your dog moving with daily exercise.
Degenerative myelopathy is a progressive neurological condition that affects older Corgis. It starts with weakness in the back legs, which can cause your senior Pembroke to wobble or fall easily. Eventually, the disorder leads to paralysis. There’s currently no cure for DM, and it’s often diagnosed through genetic testing.
Though less common in smaller breeds, hip dysplasia still affects the Pembroke Welsh Corgi dog breed. This condition involves the abnormal development of hip joints, leading to pain, lameness, and arthritis over time. Regular veterinary check-ups and proactive weight management are key to detecting and managing hip dysplasia early. Treatments range from medication and joint supplements to surgical options for severe cases.
PDA is a congenital heart defect that results in poor blood oxygenation. It’s seen more in Pembrokes than Cardigan Corgis. Symptoms include coughing, lethargy, and trouble breathing. PDA usually requires surgery to restore normal blood flow.
Von Willebrand’s Disease is an inherited bleeding disorder that affects Pembrokes more than Cardigans. Signs include nosebleeds, bleeding gums, and bruising. Early screening is important for management. Treatment may involve blood transfusions or medications.
Care & Maintenance
Pembroke Welsh Corgis are generally considered medium to high-maintenance dogs. They need a fair amount of exercise, but not excessively so. These dogs are moderately heavy shedders, so weekly brushing is recommended. There are also a few behaviors to be aware of. Fortunately, these clever dogs are highly trainable with consistent effort.
A few areas for Pembroke parents to focus on include:
- Herding instincts: Adams notes that this breed retains strong herding tendencies and will often find something to corral, whether it’s children, bikes, or other animals. This natural behavior can be redirected with an appropriate outlet.
- Excessive barking: As guard dogs, Pems also tend to be quite vocal. To discourage excessive barking, it’s important to identify the cause and use a combination of environmental management and training techniques.
- Prey drive: The Pembroke Welsh Corgi can have a high prey drive, says Adams. Teaching a solid recall and using a long line while exploring are two good safety measures.
- Separation anxiety: These sensitive dogs form strong bonds with their humans and can be prone to separation anxiety. Sometimes this takes the help of a professional; don’t hesitate to bring in a credentialed trainer if your Corgi is struggling.
Pembroke Welsh Corgis have a dense double coat that sheds moderately throughout the year. They need a minimum of weekly brushing. During the spring and summer, shedding becomes heavy, and you may need to bump up your routine to daily brushing.
Occasional baths help remove loose hair. But never shave your Pembroke, Adams advises. Pay attention to cleaning around their eyes, too. Some Pembrokes have light-colored fur on their face and may develop tear staining.
Although Pembrokes can’t keep up with super strenuous activities like running or biking, they enjoy long walks and interactive play. Activities like fetch, agility, and hiking are excellent ways to keep them stimulated and healthy.
Intelligent and eager to please, Pembroke Welsh Corgis are relatively easy to train, particularly when using positive reinforcement. But they can be stubborn, so patience is key. Since Pembrokes are prone to problem-solving, they do well with choice-based learning. This method involves teaching your Corgi an array of behaviors you’d prefer they do in various situations (e.g., coming to you to get a treat instead of barking at the doorbell).
Farm work required Pembrokes to be quick thinkers. These clever pups need to engage their minds! Keep them stimulated and prevent boredom with puzzle toys, snuffle mats, trick training, scent work, and agility practice.
Corgis tend to gain weight easily, so it’s important to monitor their diet and daily exercise. Obesity can lead to many health issues and put pressure on a dog’s spine and joints. Limit treats to less than 10% of their daily calories and avoid offering table scraps. Be sure to also calibrate portions based on your Corgi’s activity level.
Ideal Living Environment & Compatibility
The Pembroke is a dynamic dog, but pretty flexible when it comes to their ideal home setting. As long as they get enough exercise and human attention, they can be happy just about anywhere.
Pembroke Corgis adapt well to various climates but thrive in moderate temperatures. Keep a close eye on them during extreme weather, providing plenty of cold water and shade during the hot months.
Corgis are famously adaptable dogs. If given sufficient exercise and play, they can live happily in most settings, from a small city apartment to a spacious home in the countryside. A home with a fenced yard is ideal, as they are naturally curious and may chase critters or try to escape. Pembrokes also need a back-safe home. Pet parents can protect their pets from injury by using stairs and ramps, as well as placing down rugs and mats to prevent them from slipping on slick floors.
Energetic and athletic, Pembroke Welsh Corgis need a good amount of exercise and mental stimulation. They love having a “job” to do and excel at many dog sports, including agility, scent work, tracking, rally, and Treibball. They also enjoy more low-key activities, such as long strolls, fetch, puzzle toys, and learning new tricks.
Pembroke Corgis are generally friendly but can be wary of strangers at first. This cautiousness usually passes with time. Their background as working dogs also means that Pembrokes are protective of their people. Early socialization is key in helping them develop into well-rounded pets who interact positively with new people and other animals.
Pembrokes love their people, Adams tells us. They are typically great companions for children and generally get along well with other pets. You’ll still want to supervise interactions, though, as they’re prone to herding small kids and other animals in your home.
Pembroke Corgis can be a great choice for first-time dog guardians provided they’re committed to meeting the breed’s moderately high level of care. They’re smart and trainable, but they need ample exercise and interaction. New guardians should be prepared for regular shedding and grooming as well.
Is the Pembroke Welsh Corgi a Good Fit for You?
Pembroke Welsh Corgis are high-spirited, brilliant, and loving little companions. They thrive in active households, but are amenable to folks who appreciate a mix of activity and downtime. A familiarity with herding breeds goes a long way, as does a commitment to exercise, training, and socializing. To learn more about welcoming a Corgi into your home, read up on their early care and grooming needs.
