How To Fly With a Dog, from Prep to Landing

• Not a substitute for professional veterinary help.

Are you planning a trip and wondering how to fly with your dog? You’re not alone—over 2 million pets travel by air in the U.S. each year, thanks to a growing number of airlines embracing pet-friendly policies.

While many airlines allow dogs to travel in the cabin or cargo hold, each airline has different policies regarding dog size, breed, and travel requirements. For example, snub-nosed breeds like Bulldogs might face restrictions due to respiratory issues, and larger dogs typically need to travel in the cargo hold unless they are service animals. To ensure a smooth journey with your pup, it’s crucial to familiarize yourself with these policies in advance and prepare accordingly.

Whether you’re a seasoned traveler or planning your first trip together, this guide aims to minimize the stress of flying with your dog. ​​To learn more about the potential risks, which breeds usually handle air travel better, and which dogs might need to skip the journey, we spoke with Dr. Michael Yazbeck, Veterinary Director at Greencross Vets in Campbelltown & Narellan, Australia.

Pet-Friendly Airlines

Pet travel policies vary by airline. Some airlines have specific breed restrictions, while others do not allow dogs in the cargo hold at all. It’s crucial to understand these differences before booking a flight.

Here’s a breakdown of pet policies for eight major airlines.

Airline	Dogs allowed in cargo?	Dogs allowed in the cabin?	Breed Restrictions
United	No	Yes	None
American Airlines	No	Yes	No brachycephalic breeds (both cats and dogs) in cargo.
Delta	Yes	Yes	No brachycephalic dogs allowed in cargo.
Southwest	No	Yes, for domestic flights. Not permitted in the cabin for international flights.	None
Air Canada	Yes	Yes	No brachycephalic dogs allowed in cargo. Dogs classified as “strong dogs” must be transported in a special reinforced crate when traveling in the cargo area.
JetBlue	No	Yes	None
Alaska Airlines	Yes. Dog and carrier cannot exceed a combined weight of 150 pounds.	Yes	No brachycephalic breeds (both cats and dogs) are allowed in cargo.
Spirit	No	Yes	None; however, the airline recommends consulting with your vet to assess the risk of traveling with brachycephalic dogs.

How much does it cost to fly with a dog?

There are usually fees for bringing your dog on a flight. If your dog is small enough to fit in a carrier under the seat, you can expect to pay between $95 and $125 for an in-cabin flight. Note that these fees are typically paid at the airport, so plan accordingly.

For larger dogs who need to travel in cargo, you can expect to pay more. Costs can vary based on the dog’s weight and crate size, as well as the distance of your flight. Fees generally range from $100 to $600 for domestic flights, and additional costs may apply for layovers and plane changes.

Breed restrictions

Many airlines have specific breed restrictions in place to ensure the safety of pets during travel. Brachycephalic (snub-nosed) dogs and cats, such as Pugs, Pekingese, and Persians, may be prohibited from traveling in cargo because their unique facial structures can lead to breathing difficulties. The stress of flying can worsen these respiratory issues. Some airlines may also limit these breeds from traveling in the cabin, especially in extreme temperatures.

Typically, larger dogs cannot fly in the cabin unless they are trained service animals. Some airlines may also require strong or large breeds to be transported in reinforced crates when in the cargo area.

Certain airlines even ban specific breeds from flying altogether. To prevent travel complications, always check the airline’s policies on breed restrictions ahead of time.

Cabin Rules for Flying With a Dog

Typically, small dogs can fly with their owner in the cabin. While many airlines don’t have specific weight limits, dogs flying in the cabin are usually required to fit in a soft-sided carrier under the seat.

Some airlines allow a maximum of four pets in the cabin per flight, and this number can be lower on certain planes. To ensure a spot, it’s best to book your flight early.

Where should a dog sit?

Most airlines require dogs traveling in the cabin to remain in their carrier underneath the seat throughout the flight. Generally, dogs are not allowed to sit on their owners’ laps.

While the majority of airlines won’t let you purchase an extra seat for your dog, there are a few exceptions, including JetBlue and Alaska Airlines. Even then, dogs must remain in their carriers under the seat during taxi, takeoff, and landing. Outside of these times, JetBlue permits you to place the carrier on your lap or the extra seat, but the dog must stay in the carrier.

Behavior requirements for traveling in the cabin

Dogs should be able to settle in a travel carrier for long periods, says Dr. Yazbeck. They should also be able to reliably respond to basic cues from their owners.

For the safety and comfort of all passengers, dogs may be denied boarding if they show disruptive behaviors such as growling, jumping, lunging, or trying to bite.

How does a dog go to the bathroom?

Unfortunately, there are no designated areas for pets to relieve themselves on a plane. So make sure to visit the animal relief station in the airport before boarding.

For flights under ten hours, your dog shouldn’t need to relieve themselves, as long as you limit food and water intake before take-off. However, you’ll still want to be prepared for accidents. Line the bottom of your carrier with pee pads, and make sure to bring along extras. A gallon-sized Ziploc bag is useful for storing used pads until you reach your destination.

Cargo Rules for Flying With a Dog

Large dogs (over 20 pounds) typically need to fly in cargo. Here’s how to prepare.

Carrier regulations

Many airlines outline precise carrier guidelines for dog traveling in cargo. Generally, you’ll want to choose a durable, hard-sided carrier that meets International Air Transport Association (IATA) guidelines. It should have strong handles, good ventilation, and a leak-proof bottom.

Be sure to label the carrier clearly with “Live Animal” and arrows indicating which way is up. It’s also a good idea to attach your contact information, destination details, and a recent photo of your dog to the carrier. Include a small bag of food in case of delays.

Behavior requirements

Dr. Yazbeck emphasizes that dogs flying in cargo must be able to tolerate being alone in a crate for long periods. They also need to be safe for airline staff to handle.

Many airlines require that pets be non-aggressive and non-destructive, both to themselves and to their carrier. Additionally, pets should need minimal attention during transit. If your dog tends to be anxious or restless, it may be best to reconsider whether cargo travel is the best option.

Where do dogs go to the bathroom?

As with traveling in the cabin, your dog will need to manage without bathroom breaks during the flight. Choose a crate that allows your dog to stand, turn, and lie down comfortably, without excessive space for bathroom use.

To prepare for potential accidents, add a waterproof liner or pee pads secured with tape. If your dog is less likely to have accidents, a thin towel can also work well. Include a dish of ice chips to limit intake and prevent water from sloshing around their crate.

Safety concerns

While plenty of animals travel in cargo without incident, there are risks to consider. A top concern is temperature regulation. Although the cargo area is usually climate-controlled, pets may sit on the tarmac before loading, where they could be exposed to extreme temperatures. For this reason, many airlines restrict certain breeds and prohibit cargo travel during particularly hot or cold seasons.

Another issue is that the cargo hold can be a stressful place for dogs. It tends to be dark, noisy, and crowded. Your dog will be handled by unfamiliar staff in a new environment, which can be unsettling for them.

When flying cargo, try to book direct flights to minimize travel time. During warmer months, choose early morning or evening flights to bypass intense heat, and schedule midday flights in winter to avoid the cold. You may also want to check an airline’s history for any incidents involving cargo pets.

Should You Fly?

There is no one-size-fits-all answer to this. “Each dog should be assessed individually, especially if the journey is long or involves multiple flights or layovers,” confirms Dr. Yazbeck.

We look at some key considerations.

How stressful is flying for a dog?

The unfamiliar environment of an airport, along with constant noise and a change in routine, can be very stressful for some dogs. That said, every dog reacts differently to air travel. Dr. Yazbeck notes that stress levels can be influenced by:

• A dog’s temperament
• Prior travel experiences
• Existing anxiety (such as noise sensitivity or separation anxiety)
• Whether they will be flying in the cabin with their owner or in the cargo hold

Due to the negative effects of stress on a dog’s health, you may want to avoid flying with: 

• Dogs with severe anxiety, reactivity, or aggressive behaviors
• Dogs with chronic health issues (e.g., heart disease, seizure disorders, respiratory problems)
• Dogs currently unwell or recovering from surgery
• Brachycephalic breeds (e.g., Bulldogs, Pugs, Boxers)
• Elderly dogs with mobility or cognitive problems
• Pregnant or nursing dogs

There are some dogs, however, who will have no trouble with flying. Dr. Yazbeck notes that healthy dogs with calm temperaments tend to be good candidates for air travel. Dogs who are crate-trained, accustomed to travel, and confident in new environments usually handle flying with less stress.

Cargo vs. cabin

If possible, traveling in the cabin is preferred. Dr. Yazbeck explains that being with their owner reduces a dog’s stress. You’ll also be able to keep a close eye on your pet for any issues.

Unfortunately, cabin travel is typically restricted to smaller dogs who can fit in approved carriers, with the exception of trained service animals. If you have a larger dog, they will need to fly in the cargo hold.

Breeds and ages not suitable for flying

It’s also important to consider your dog’s age and breed traits. In order to fly, puppies must be at least eight weeks old and weaned for five days. Dr. Yazbeck notes that puppies between eight and twelve weeks, as well as geriatric dogs over the age of twelve (or as young as eight for giant breeds), often need a thorough veterinary evaluation prior to flying.

Certain breeds are not well-suited to air travel due to the risk of overheating or breathing complications, including:

• Brachycephalic breeds
• Overweight dogs
• Dogs with thick, fluffy coats

What type of behavior and level of training is required?

According to Dr. Yazbeck, dogs who fly should be:

• Calm. Dogs should be friendly and unbothered by the presence of other people and animals.
• Non-destructive. Dogs prone to destructive behavior or escape attempts may pose a risk to themselves and others.
• Comfortable with handling. Dogs must tolerate being handled by unfamiliar people.
• Able to settle in a travel carrier. Dogs should be able to relax and stay calm in their travel carrier or crate for extended periods.
• Respond to basic cues. Dogs should reliably respond to basic cues from their owner, such as sit, stay, or lie down.
• Able to tolerate isolation. For those traveling in the cargo hold, dogs must be comfortable being alone in a secure crate.

Preparing Your Dog For Flying

For smooth travels, start planning well in advance.

Two months before departure

Schedule a veterinary appointment six to eight weeks before your departure. Dr. Yazbeck explains that your vet can assess whether your dog is fit to fly and provide tailored advice based on your pet’s breed, age, medical history, and behavioral traits.

They can also help you meet airline requirements for vaccinations and travel documentation. If your dog experiences anxiety, you can ask about calming medications or pheromone products that may help with nerves.

You’ll also want to research the local laws for your destination and any stops along the way, especially if you’re traveling internationally. Some destinations may have restrictions on pets in the cabin or specific entry requirements that you’ll need time to arrange, so it’s best to plan early.

One month before departure

A key part of preparation is acclimating your dog to their travel crate. Dr. Yazbeck recommends introducing the crate in a low-pressure way several weeks ahead of travel. “Leave it open in a quiet space with soft bedding and let your dog explore it voluntarily.” You can also feed your dog in their crate and offer treats and toys inside.

Dr. Yazbeck also recommends practicing short car trips with the dog inside their crate. This mimics the experience of travel, including the motion and sounds they’ll encounter on a flight.

Finally, consider desensitizing your dogs to noises they might find scary during travel. You can gradually acclimate your pup to frightening sounds by playing recordings of plane takeoffs and noisy crowds.

The day of travel

On the day of your flight, ramp up your dog’s exercise with an extra-long walk and additional play sessions to tire them out. This should make them more relaxed during the journey.

Offer a light, easily digestible meal several hours before your flight. Watch your dog’s water intake, too. You want them to be hydrated, but avoid giving them too much water to prevent accidents in the crate.

Before boarding, take your dog for one last potty break. It’s a good idea to scout out dog-relief areas in advance to make the process easier.