- Not a substitute for professional veterinary help.
Throughout history, humans have been tinkering with the genetics of dogs to breed the ideal pups for different tasks.
Selective breeding helped create distinctive traits in dogs, like flat faces, stumpy legs, or silken hair. It also led to specific types of dogs, like tiny Dachshunds for hunting badgers and hearty Siberian Huskies for pulling sleds through the snow.
But this type of breeding also means that some dogs have a greater chance of inheriting genetic drawbacks. For example, flat-faced dogs like Pugs are more prone to breathing issues, while breeds with sloped backs, like German Shepherds, may develop hip dysplasia.
Some dog breeds are more likely to develop health issues than others. And of course, no matter what type of dog breed you prefer, you want your best friend to live a long life.
We’ve consulted several experts, including vets and nutritionists, to learn more about the healthiest dog breeds. Read on to find out the 14 healthiest dog breeds and tips to help your dog live a fulfilling and happy life.
Mixed Breed
“Mixed breeds are often considered healthier because they have a wider range of genes, which helps protect them from some inherited health problems,” explains Dr. Alex Crow, veterinarian and founder of PetHealthGuru.
The health of each individual mixed-breed dog depends on their specific genetic makeup. But some older research suggests that mixed-breed dogs are less likely to inherit ten different genetic health conditions, such as atopic dermatitis and cataracts, when compared to purebred dogs.
That said, experts found no difference between mixed breeds and purebreds for 13 other health conditions, including hip dysplasia and cancer.
The best news is that mixed-breed dogs are common at shelters, meaning that you don’t need to search far to find a healthy friend!
Beagle
Beagles tend to have fewer health emergencies related to breed-specific health issues, says Dr. Kathryn Dench, veterinarian and chief scientific advisor at Paw Origins.
That said, Beagles may be prone to hypothyroidism, eye conditions, and arthritis. Their ears need regular cleaning to avoid infections. But with good care, they can make loyal companions for 10 to 15 years.
Havanese
According to Dr. Dench, fluffy Havanese dogs make a great choice, if you’re searching for a generally healthy lapdog. With good care, these small dogs can easily live 12 to 15 years, if not longer.
Some Havenese may develop genetic conditions like hip and elbow dysplasia, deafness, cataracts, luxating patellas, or heart murmurs. That said, the Havanese Club of America says genetic issues are rare in the breed, as long as breeders screen prospective parents for health issues.
American Water Spaniel
The American Water Spaniel is a working breed from the Great Lakes area. These dogs loves to swim and play in the water. They can live 12 to 15 years with nutritious food and plenty of exercise.
However, some pups from this breed may be prone to issues like hip dysplasia, eye disorders, and heart conditions.
Australian Cattle Dog
Australian Cattle Dogs emerged on ranches to help herd livestock. These dogs may develop conditions like deafness, hip and elbow dysplasia, premature retinal atrophy (PRA) and primary lens luxation (PLL). But Dr. Dench says they tend to have fewer breed-specific health issues, thanks to their active lifestyle and genetic makeup.
They’re generally hearty dogs, and most of them live around 12 to 15 years.
Australian Shepherd
Despite the name, Australian Shepherds actually originated in Europe. They eventually made their way to Australia as herding dogs before finding their way to America, where they became popular after World War II.
Regardless of where they come from, Aussies are generally healthy dogs who can live 12 to 15 years. Some of them, however, may be prone to hip dysplasia and eye problems.
Basenji
“This breed is famous for being ‘barkless,’ but they’re also known for having good health and fewer genetic issues,” says Dr. Crow.
Some Basenjis may be prone to anemia, kidney issues, gastrointestinal problems, hip dysplasia, and thyroid conditions. Breeders who perform genetic testing on a dog’s parents can limit the chances of them passing on health issues to puppies. These mostly silent-but sweet dogs can live 12 to 13 years with proper care.
Siberian Husky
Good news if you love Siberian Huskies: These dogs are generally genetically hearty, which means they can keep you entertained with their antics for as long as 12 to 14 years.
That said, some Huskies may be prone to hip and eye issues and “shaking puppy syndrome,” a neurological condition that causes tremors and difficulty walking.
Border Collie
Border Collies are intelligent and active, Dr. Crow says, and they’re also less prone to genetic problems, compared to some other purebred dogs. These driven, intense working dogs can live for 12 to 15 years.
However, they can still develop conditions like hip dysplasia, arthritis, hypothyroidism, and Collie eye anomaly. Some Border Collie puppies can also develop “trapped neutrophils,” which is a condition that only affects Border Collies and can weaken the immune system.
Cairn Terrier
Cairn Terriers, which you might recognize as the iconic pup Toto from The Wizard of Oz, are spirited and hearty dogs.
Some may be likely to develop health concerns like allergies, epilepsy, and heart defects, among others. However, most Cairn Terriers live 13 to 16 years, giving you plenty of time for adventures together.
Shiba Inu
The Shiba Inu is a Japanese breed known for their stubborn, cat-like nature and foxy good looks. Despite their wiry frames, they’re hearty dogs who can live 12 to 16 years with few health issues.
Some dogs may be prone to hip dysplasia, patellar luxation, epilepsy, and allergies. But with proper care, these intelligent pups can live long and healthy lives.
Poodles
Poodles often live for 12 to 16 years with minimal health issues, says David D’Angelo, pet nutritionist and founder of Petfood Reviews.
Some health conditions known to affect Poodles include bloat, hip dysplasia, thyroid issues, epilepsy, and Addison’s disease. Their ears also need regular cleaning to avoid infections. Otherwise, these smart dogs can make wonderful, long-lived companions.
Chihuahua
Chihuahuas may be the smallest dog breed in the world, but they live long lifespans of 14 to 16 years.
They’re prone to certain health issues, like dental conditions, low blood sugar, eye infections, slipping kneecaps, and more. A study from the UK reports a rise in health issues in Chihuahuas due to irresponsible breeding. Choosing a pup from a reputable breeder can maximize your chances of a healthy friend.
Greyhounds
Greyhounds can live long and healthy lives, according to D’Angelo. “Their athleticism and smarts contribute to overall well-being,” he says.
These dogs are prone to hypothyroidism, bloat, dental issues, and bone cancer. They may also be sensitive to anesthesia due to their low body fat. However, most Greyhound pups can happily live as long as 12 to 15 years.
How To Keep Your Dog Healthy
Most dogs can live long, healthy lives with the right nutrition, regular exercise, and loving care.
“Any dog, whether mixed breed or purebred, needs proper care, a good diet, regular vet visits, and plenty of exercise to stay healthy,” Dr. Crow says.
The best diet and exercise routine for your pup will depend on factors like their age, breed, and size. For example, most herding or sporting dogs need 60 to 90 minutes of physical activity per day, while a tiny Chihuahua may be content with a 30-minute play session. Your vet can offer more specialized guidance about the best ways to keep your dog happy and in good shape.
Your dog’s love could also help improve your well-being. According to the American Heart Association, dog parents tend to live longer than people who don’t have pets, and they may also recover from medical issues like heart attacks or strokes faster. So, your dog may just lengthen your life, too!
